SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 185 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    40652, 38641, 32098, 35420, 36320, 36972, 
    36974, 36981, 36984, 36985, 36989, 
    36990, 36992, 37020, 37028, 37048, 
    37057, 37058, 37059, 37090, 37091, 
    37093, 37094, 37104, 37115, 37140, 
    37170, 37696, 37729, 34751
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00121

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "357.19"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 123,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 123,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (40652,38641,32098,35420,36320,36972,36974,36981,36984,36985,36989,36990,36992,37020,37028,37048,37057,37058,37059,37090,37091,37093,37094,37104,37115,37140,37170,37696,37729,34751))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "177.61",
              "eval_cost": "24.60",
              "prefix_cost": "202.21",
              "data_read_per_join": "1K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "ea201_diorama.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "123.00",
              "eval_cost": "1.23",
              "prefix_cost": "349.81",
              "data_read_per_join": "16K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`ea201_diorama`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "ea201_diorama.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "6.15",
              "eval_cost": "1.23",
              "prefix_cost": "357.19",
              "data_read_per_join": "98"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}